Dental Crowns vs Onlays vs Fillings: Which Restoration Is Right for You?

Understanding Your Dental Restoration Options

Dental restorations play a vital role in repairing and protecting teeth affected by decay, damage, or wear. Among the most common types are dental fillings, onlays, and crowns—each with distinct uses and benefits. Knowing how these options differ helps you make informed decisions for lasting oral health.

1. Dental Fillings: The First Line of Defense

Fillings are direct restorations used to treat small to medium cavities. They are applied in one visit and made from materials like composite resin, amalgam, or glass ionomer. Composite fillings blend naturally with your tooth, offering good aesthetics at a low cost. However, they typically last 5–10 years and are best for minor damage.

2. Onlays: A Durable Middle Ground

Onlays are custom restorations crafted in a lab to treat moderate damage involving one or more cusps. They preserve more tooth structure than crowns while providing greater durability than fillings. Made from porcelain, composite, or gold, they are ideal for teeth needing extra reinforcement without full coverage. Onlays require two visits and cost more than fillings but can last up to 30 years.

3. Dental Crowns: Full Coverage for Severe Damage

Crowns fully encase the tooth and are recommended when extensive damage or root canal therapy has weakened the structure. They restore strength, function, and appearance. Common materials include porcelain, zirconia, and metal alloys. While crowns are the most invasive and expensive option, they offer maximum protection and can last 10–30 years.

Comparing Fillings, Onlays, and Crowns

Coverage & Application

• Fillings: Treat small cavities; direct restoration
• Onlays: Repair moderate damage; cover cusps; indirect
• Crowns: Full coverage for severe damage; indirect

Materials Used

• Fillings: Composite, amalgam, glass ionomer
• Onlays: Porcelain, composite, gold
• Crowns: Porcelain, zirconia, metal, PFM

Durability

• Fillings: 5–10 years
• Onlays: 10–30 years
• Crowns: 10–30 years

Cost

• Fillings: $150–$300
• Onlays: $650–$1,200
• Crowns: $800–$2,000

Choosing the Right Restoration

Your dentist will evaluate the extent of decay or damage to determine the most suitable option. Fillings are ideal for minimal decay. Onlays are best when damage is too extensive for a filling but doesn’t require a full crown. Crowns are necessary for structurally compromised or heavily restored teeth.

Longevity and Maintenance

Good oral hygiene, avoiding hard foods, and regular dental check-ups help prolong the lifespan of any restoration. Wearing a nightguard if you grind your teeth can also protect crowns and onlays.

Conclusion

Choosing between fillings, onlays, and crowns depends on damage severity, aesthetic goals, and budget. Discussing your options with a dental professional ensures the right balance of function, durability, and appearance—helping you maintain a healthy, confident smile.